Windows Vista is a line of
operating systems developed by
Microsoft for use on
personal computers, including home and business
desktops,
laptops,
tablet PCs, and
media center PCs. Prior to its announcement on July 22, 2005, Windows Vista was known by its
codename "Longhorn." Development was completed on November 8, 2006; over the following three months it was released in stages to computer hardware and software manufacturers, business customers, and retail channels. On January 30, 2007, it was released worldwide, and was made available for purchase and download from Microsoft's website. The release of Windows Vista came more than five years after the introduction of its predecessor,
Windows XP, the longest time span between successive releases of
Microsoft Windows desktop operating systems. It was succeeded by
Windows 7 which was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and for the general public on October 22, 2009.
Windows Vista contains
many changes and new features, including an updated
graphical user interface and
visual style dubbed
Windows Aero, a redesigned
search function, multimedia tools including
Windows DVD Maker, and redesigned networking, audio, print, and display sub-systems. Vista aims to increase the level of communication between machines on a
home network, using
peer-to-peer technology to simplify sharing
files and
digital media between computers and devices. Windows Vista includes version 3.0 of the
.NET Framework, allowing
software developers to write applications without traditional
Windows APIs.
Microsoft's primary stated objective with Windows Vista has been to improve the state of security in the Windows operating system. One common
criticism of Windows XP and its predecessors is their commonly exploited
security vulnerabilities and overall susceptibility to
malware,
viruses and
buffer overflows. In light of this, Microsoft chairman
Bill Gates announced in early 2002 a company-wide "
Trustworthy Computing initiative" which aims to incorporate security work into every aspect of software development at the company. Microsoft stated that it prioritized improving the security of Windows XP and
Windows Server 2003 above finishing Windows Vista, thus delaying its completion.
While these new features and security improvements have garnered positive reviews, Vista has also been the target of much criticism and negative press.
Criticism of Windows Vista has targeted its high system requirements, its more restrictive licensing terms, the inclusion of a number of new
digital rights management technologies aimed at restricting the copying of protected digital media, lack of compatibility with some pre-Vista hardware and software, and the number of authorization prompts for
User Account Control. As a result of these and other issues, Windows Vista had seen initial adoption and satisfaction rates lower than Windows XP. However, with an estimated 330 million internet users as of January 2009, it had been announced that Vista usage had surpassed Microsoft’s pre-launch two-year-out expectations of achieving 200 million users. At the release of Windows 7 (October 2009), Windows Vista (with approximately 400 million internet users) was the second most widely used operating system on the internet with an approx. 23.6% market share, the most widely used being Windows XP with an approx. 60% market share.